The Joy of Graduating Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Joy of Graduating - Essay Example In addition, during summer, just like her then oncoming sophomore year, she went through a course on international law and took in an internship which lasted 50 hours (Lombardi 1). Danielle was named a valedictorian, which she did not expect. According to the author, a valedictorian season has just ended and students are receiving accolades for being the best performers academically in the school. However, the path to that honor has become more competitive lately. A number of aspects such as the rise in the number of high school scholars, inflation of grade, strong competition for acceptance in collage and a well-informed student body have transformed the game. One of the characteristics of the valedictorian is that they strategize to win, by taking an intense load of A.P courses that are weighted during calculation of the average grades. Some of them keep off from creative courses, such as art or photography, since in creative courses, grading can be biased while having a grade B can mess their target. In most of the cases, enthusiasm for valedictorian honors has resulted into lawsuits. For example, in Danielle’s high school, a high school senior is said to have sued the district in an attempt to be declared valedictorian (Lombardi, 1). Some valedictorians end up suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome like Ms. Hornstine, who is claimed to have maneuvered the system and her claim brought an outcry in the society. Later, her acceptance to Harvard was nullified following allegations that her articles for the local daily were plagiarized (Lombardi, 1). Most of the valedictorians end up sharing the position. For example, this year, Susannah and Brett are the co-valedictorians in Horace Greeley High School. Even though nobody would speak to give evidence, stories about competed grade point means spread and brought hatred. However, Susannah and Brett showed a united front, explaining how they

Financial analysis Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Financial analysis - Case Study Example However, the fall in sales is attributed to operation expenses such as administration, general and sales expenditures. The scale of operations needed to execute the services and product manufacturing of the new venture is larger than when the company had not acquired Exterran Holdings (Haunschild, 570). The Gross Profit in 2013 was $963,006. However, the forecasts in 2014 indicate that there is a fall in gross profit. Despite the fact that this value is lower than 2013 reports, the figure gradually increases in 2015 and 2016 financial years. By 2016, the gross profit, after the acquisition of the new business, will be $195,865; a reflection of 19.6% increase from 2014. Forecasts in the growth of gross profit in 2015 record an increase by 9.4% from the values reported in 2014. From the percentage growth in gross profits, it is evident that in every financial year, the business’s gross profits, after acquiring Exterran Holdings Inc., doubles. Total operating expenses before the company acquired the new business decreased from 2010 ($888,015), 2012 ($864,909), and 2013($714,315). The decrease in the values of total operating expenses means that the company had acclimatized to the business conditions after establishing its niche in the new market. Consequently, the significant rise in operating expenses from the forecasts in 2014 ($121,434), through 2015 ($132,825) to 2016 ($145,284) indicate the business has not adapted to the new market conditions and challenges because of its wide operational needs. Acquiring the new business will also realize a significant growth in earnings before taxes and interests. The year 2011 and 2011 reported losses of $193,818 and $80,133 respectively. Because the business had just began, the challenges in the market and operating environments contributed to the loses in earnings. The forecasts in 2014 financial year records a fall in earnings before taxes and

How Can a Nurse Improve and Develop Professional Identity?

How Can a Nurse Improve and Develop Professional Identity? According to DeJong 2014, professionalism can be defined as the means of acting in an acceptable and appropriate way while adhering to a professional code of conduct. It also means completing given tasks and responsibilities on time. On the other hand a Professional identity can be described as a set of principles that define a person in their professional career. A professional identity can also be defined according to the attitudes, beliefs, experiences, ideals, professional involvement, need for advancement and codes of a given career. These virtues determine the kind of people we interact with in our lines of profession. These experiences and professional interactions tend to define ones professional identity. In the line of nursing professionalism is significantly essential if nurses are expected to provide quality and effective services and care to their clients and to the population as a whole. In health care Professionalism is regarded as a bridge between the interests of the nurse and the needs of society. It is evident that better professionalism is associated with good medical care and better health outcomes in general. (DeJong et al 2014). Nurses need to be able to develop and improve their imaginative and creative skills in order to attain and improve effective patient care. In a research by O’Brien, Strzyzewski and Szpara 2013, on nurses working in the surgical department it was found that by creating an organized process of educational projects to encourage, support and promote professionalism nurses were able to improve their professional identity and complete their practice successfully safely and effectively. In order to achieve the best results Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) and Educational Nurse Coordinators (ENCs) in the surgical unit developed meetings for nurses with the medical librarians and unit leaders. Teaching was carried out by use of posters and oral presentations. Through this nurses were able to master effective ways of generating ideas and implementing them to complete projects. (O’Brien, Strzyzewski and Szpara 2013). There are many factors that influence professional competence for nurses for example organization of work, personal characteristics, cognitive abilities and clinical knowledge. In order for a nurse to be able to undergo Professional growth they need to be committed to their work in order to able to fulfill their work tasks. Professional identity is usually accompanied by the workers’ self-concept; self-respect, identity, essential nature, team spirit and values. Moreover for a nurse to improve their professional identity they need to be flexible and resilient in their field of work. This means that nurses need to believe in oneself and be willing to take risks. In addition to that they have a career insight in order to be able to establish realistic career goals by being aware of their strengths and weaknesses. (Tamm 2010). There are some inevitable factors in the health sector that demand for professional growth and that has impact on the management, employers and the employees. First creation of new knowledge, there are changes in the scientific and technical knowledge every few years which demand nurses to update their education levels from time to time. Secondly technological innovations are taking place so rapidly that nurses have to be willing to sharpen their skills and change with the changing times. Lastly, the upcoming of more challenging tasks demands for professional development in order for nurses to be able to cope efficiently. (Willetts and Clarke 2012). Development of professional identity according to Tamm 2010, starts with how individuals view their work roles and how good they manage their work life and related practices. Moreover professional identity is a process of becoming independent and having self-awareness through work. For a nurse to be able to develop and improve their identity they first have to have a professional self-concept and respect, in short they need to accept their roles as nurses. Nurses begin to build their professional identities during their study period and continue to develop all through their work life. Development of professional identity is a life course process comprising of different stages. Which range from novice to expert. (Tamm et al 2010). In conclusion development is accompanied by professional maturity which is a nurse’s preparedness to handle work tasks in different phases of their work. Nurses need to be cognitively prepared, this means that they need to have sufficient knowledge on principles of health care to be able to apply them in real life situations. In additional to that nurse need to have knowledge on the nature of the profession and the occupational sphere. (Willetts et al 2012). In my opinion there are numerous number of factors that have effect on the development and improvement on a nursing professional identity. I have learnt a lot of new information from this assignment. It is a broad topic and I feel I still have a whole lot more to learn about developing my professional identity in the future. REFERENCES D. O’Brien, N. Strzyzewski and T.Szpara 2013, Getting to Success: Supporting Staff Nurses to Enhance Practice and Professionalism. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing. Volume 28, Issue 3, June 2013, Pages e34  Available: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1089947213002037#  Accessed 7th September 2014 G. Willetts and D.Clarke 2012 The shaping of Professional Identity in Nursing: An ethnographic Case Study  Available: http://global-qhr.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Abstracts.pdf Accessed 7th September 2014  S .M. DeJong 2014 Chapter One–What is Professionalism? Social Media and Online Professionalism in Health Care 2014, Pages 1–11  Available: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124081284000011  Accessed 7th September 2014 Tiia Tamm, 2010 Professional Identity and Self-concept of Estonian Social Workers .University of Tampere  Available: http://tampub.uta.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/66631/978-951-44-8115-4.pdf?sequence=1#page=69zoom=180,-4,613  Accessed 7th September 2014 Stem Bark Extracts of Anthocleista: Antioxidant Properties Stem Bark Extracts of Anthocleista: Antioxidant Properties Original 1 Research Article PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES  OF STEM BARK EXTRACTS OF ANTHOCLEISTA NOBILIS ABSTRACT Aim: This study was carried out to determine the phytochemical and antioxidant properties of extracts  of Anthocleista nobilis. Methodology: Acetone and methanol extracts of A. nobilis were investigated for their free radical scavenging activities in the presence of diphenyl picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) using ascorbic acid as positive control. Results: In the phytochemical screening of the plant extracts, results showed that both extracts recorded the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, and glycosides. The acetone and methanol extracts of A. nobilis exhibited significant free radical scavenging activities in the DPPH assay with the  acetone extract recording better activity. The antioxidant activity of the two extracts was however, lower than that recorded by the positive control-ascorbic acid. Conclusion: The result suggests that the extracts have potential antioxidant properties which could be  exploited in medicine and food industry. Keyword: Anthocleista nobilis, antioxidant, DPPH. 1. INTRODUCTION Plants have been utilized by humans to treat various infectious and non-infectious diseases since the  beginning of time as they constitute a reliable source of therapy. In addition, they are also the primary  source for many of today’s medicines [1,2,3]. For instance, purified secondary metabolites such as vinca alkaloids are used widely in cancer chemotherapy [4].Quinine and artemisinin, derived from the  bark of the cinchona and qinghaosu trees respectively and their derivatives have been widely used for  the treatment of malaria [5,6,7]. Some of these secondary metabolites are synthesized for specific purposes by plants. Others may be  by-products of plant metabolism which currently have no known biological function. Hydroxylated  coumarins have been reported to accumulate in carrots in response to fungal invasion [8],  glucosinolates, recognized for their antimicrobial properties[9], have also been reported in Brassia  rapa in response to fungal infection/attack [10]. These secondary metabolites fall under one of the major phytochemicals such as flavonoids, tannins,  glycosides, steroids, terpenes, etc. Although these compounds are known to be bioactive, a lot is yet  to known about their mechanisms of action. Some of these groups of compounds such as flavonoids,  proanthocyanidins and tannins are polyphenols or phenolic [11]. Phenolics are known for their  antioxidant properties [12]. Antioxidants are molecules that halt oxidation processes while the molecules get oxidized in the  process. The antioxidant activity of phenolics is derived from their ability to act as reducing agents,  donating hydrogen, electrons and stabilizing reactive oxygen species (ROS) [13]. ROS such as  hydroxyl radicals (OH.), superoxide anion radicals (O2  .) and singlet oxygen (145 O2) have been implicated  in many disease processes such cancer, diabetes, ageing, atherosclerosis and neurodegeneration[14]. Consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables rich in plant polyphenols(antioxidants) as food has  been reported as a protection against several diseases which include cancer, cardiovascular  diseases, diabetes, asthma etc. [15] suggesting that the mechanism of action of the secondary  metabolites can be traced to their antioxidant properties. ROS can cause the deterioration of food by  causing lipid peroxidation. The rancid odor and taste of lipid containing food such as palm oil occur as  result of lipid peroxidation which in turn affects the nutritional value and safety 52 of such food items  [16]. Recently, the use of synthetic preservatives and other additives has been linked to increased  prevalence of cancer. For instance, sodium nitrate and sodium nitrite used to preserve processed  meat has been implicated in bowel cancer [17]. As a result, the demand for natural food preservatives  has been rising steadily [14] and that prompted the European Union funded AGROCOS to include the  replacement of synthetic preservatives and other ingredients as part of the FP7 research topics which  has yielded about 30 natural compounds for the food and cosmetic industries presently being further  tested by Greek and German companies [18]. Anthocleista nobilis which is commonly called the candelabrum or cabbage tree in English language,  Duwa Kuchi in Nupe language, Kwari in Hausa language and Apa Ora in Yoruba language belongs to  the family Loganiaceae [19]. Anthocleista nobilisis used in local medicine in parts of West Africa for  curing fever, stomach ache, diarrhoea, and gonorrhoea, and are also aspoultice for sores [20,21]. The  present study was designed to investigate the antioxidant properties of extracts of Anthocleista nobilis  by measuring their free radical scavenging properties with aim of confirming the ethnobotanical use  and assessing their suitability as preservatives in the food industry. 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.1 Sample collection The stem barks of A. nobilis were collected in March, 2014 from Ezza Community in Ebonyi state,  Nigeria. They were identified by a plant taxonomist in the Department of Pharmacognosy and  Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.  The plant material was pulverized into fine powder using a mechanical grinding machine. 2.2 Extraction   500 g of thepulverized plant was macerated in 1 Liter of acetone and methanol respectively for 48  hrs.The mixture was sieved using porcelain cloth and was further filtered using No. 1 Whatman filter  Ã‚  paper. The filtrate was concentrated using rotary evaporator and the crude concentrate was then  stored at 4o80 C until required for further experiment. 2.3 Phytochemical Screening   In the phytochemical analysis of the extracts of A. nobilis stem barks, tests for alkaloids, tannins,  saponins, flavonoids, steroids, cardiac glycosides, and terpenoids were carried out using standard  methods reported by Trease and Evans [19]. 2.4 In vitro free radical scavenging activity of the extract (Diphenyl dipicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free  radical scavenging activity) The free radical scavenging activity of the various extracts and ascorbic acid was measured with  DPPH. Three (3) mL of DPPH in methanol solution was added 100 ÃŽ ¼L of different concentrations of  extracts (10-1000 ÃŽ ¼g/mL). After 30 minutes, the absorbances of the extract solutions ion methanol  were measured at 517 nm after calibration with methanol. Lower absorbance indicated higher free  radical scavenging activity. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was expressed as IC50 which was  defined as the concentration of the extracts that inhibited the formation of DPPH radical by 50 %. Each  experiment was carried out in triplicate. The average absorbance for each triplicate was calculated  and the percentage inhibition of the extracts at different doses calculated using the formula:   %Inhibition 100 o s o A A x A −   Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ½ Where Ao is absorbance of control and As the absorbance of tested extracts. 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The antioxidant activity of the extracts of A. nobilis was investigated and the results were compared to  Ã‚  that of ascorbic acid which was used as the positive control. The results are shown in Figures 1. Also,  Ã‚  the result of the phytochemical analysis links the presence of flavonoids and other polyphenols to the  Ã‚  antioxidant activities observed. Different levels of the secondary metabolites based on the tests  Ã‚  carried out were observed as displayed in Table 1. Table 1. Result of the Phytochemical Analysis of A. nobilis Extracts UNDER PEER REVIEW Alkaloids Tannins Saponins Flavonoids Glycosides Terpenoids Steroids Methanol extract ++ +++ ++ + ++ Acetone extract + ++ ++ + ++ +++ = Abundantly present; ++ = Moderately present; += Mildly 108 present; =Absent Figure 1. Comparison between free radical scavenging activities of acetone and methanol  extracts of A. nobilis and ascorbic acid determined using DPPH. IC50 for Acetone extract= 400  ÃŽ ¼g/mL; Methanol extract= 800 ÃŽ ¼g/mL; Ascorbic acid= 30 ÃŽ ¼g/mL. The bark of A. nobilis is used as warm expellant and as antimalarial remedy amongst other  Ã‚  ethnobotanical uses by the Ezza people in Nigeria. The result of this study showed that the crude  Ã‚  extracts showed significant antioxidant properties with the acetone extract of A. nobilis recording an  Ã‚  IC50 of 400 ÃŽ ¼g/ml. The methanol extract of A. nobilis had the lowest antioxidant activity with an IC50 of  Ã‚  800 ÃŽ ¼g/mL.   However, the acetone extract of A. nobilis which had the best antioxidant activity compared to the  methanol extract had moderate presence of terpenoids, flavonoids and tannins. Flavonoids and  Ã‚  tannins are polyphenols which are known to have potent antioxidant properties due to there reducing  Ã‚  ability [23]. The lower activity observed can be explained by the fact that flavonoids only exihibit  Ã‚  antioxidant properties if features such ortho-dihydroxy substitution in the B-ring, C2-C3 double bond  Ã‚  and a carbonyl group in C-4 of the C-ring are present [24]. Quercetin is a good example of a flavonoid  Ã‚  with such structural features and it has a high antioxidant property [25]. Although the free radical scavenging activities observed for the extracts were not as much as that  observed for ascorbic acid which was the positive control, the antioxidant activity of the extracts, can  be said to be significant considering that the extracts were in the crude form. Further purification of the  aqueous extract is expected to produce pure compounds with improved antioxidant property. 4. CONCLUSION The findings of this study reveal that Anthocleista nobilis possess antioxidant property. This provides a  scientific basis for the ethnomedicinal utilization of this plant. The antioxidant property of this plant  may qualify it for use as preservatives of natural origin in the food industry. Further tests are needed to explore the exact mechanism of action at the molecular level and to know the actual 138 constituents  responsible for these activities. %inhibition Concentration(ÃŽ ¼g/ml) % Inhibition Versus Concentration Acetone extract Methanol extract Ascorbic acid UNDER PEER REVIEW REFERENCES Krishna S, Bustamante L, Haynes RK, Staines HM, Artemisinins: their growing importance in  medicine. Trends PharmacolSci. 2008, 29(10):520-527. Akhondzadeh S, Noroozian M, Mohammadi M, Ohadinia S, Jamshidi AH, Khani M, Melissa  officinalis extract in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease: a double  blind, randomised, placebo controlled trial. J Neurol, Neurosurgery Psych. 2003, 74(7):863-866. Luciano-Montalvo C, Boulogne I, Gavillà ¡n-Suà ¡rez J. A screening for activities of Carribean herbal  remedies. BMC Comp Alter med. 2013, 13:126. Sahenk Z, Brady ST, Mendell JR. Studies on the pathogenesis of vincristine-induced  neuropathy. Muscle Nerve. 1987, 10(1):80-84. Haynes RK, Krishna S: Artemisinins, activities and actions. Microb Infect. 2004, 6(14):1339-1346.   Bucher C, Sparr C, Schweizer WB, Gilmour R, Fluorinated Quinine Alkaloids, Synthesis, X-ray  Structure Analysis and Antimalarial Parasite Chemotherapy. Chem-A Euro J. 2009, 15(31):7637-77. Wright C, Plant derived antimalarial agents, new leads and challenges, PhytochemRev. 2005, 4(1):55-61. Darvill, A. G. and Albersheim, P.: Phytoalexins and their elicitors a defense against microbial  infection in plants. Annu Rev Plant Physiol. 1984, 35:243-275. Al-Gendy AA, El-gindi OD, Hafez AS, Ateya AM, Glucosinolates, volatile constituents and  biological activities of Erysimum corinthium Boiss. (Brassicaceae). Food Chem.  2010, 118(3):519-524. Abdel-Farid IB, Jahangir M, van den Hondel CAMJJ, Kim HK, Choi YH, Verpoorte R: Fungal  infection-induced metabolites in Brassica rapa. Plant Sci. 2009, 176:608-615. Cowan M, Plant products as antimicrobial agents, Clinical Microbiol Rev. 1999, 12:564-582 Khan RA, Khan MR, Sahreen S, Ahmed M. Evaluation of phenolic contents and antioxidantactivity  of various solvent extracts of Sonchusasper (L.) Hill. Chem Central J. 2012, 6:12 Huda-Faujan N, Noriham A, Norrakiah AS, Babji AS, Antioxidant activity of plants methanolic  extracts containing phenolic compounds.African JBiotech.2009, 8:484-489 Saeed N, Khan MR, Shabbir M. Antioxidant activity, total phenolic and totalflavonoid contents of  whole plant extracts of Torilis leptophylla. LBMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine.  2012,12:221-233. Pandey KB, Rizvi SI, Plant polyphenols as dietary antioxidants in human health and disease. Oxid  Med Cell Longev. 2009, 2: 270–278. Monica Leopoldini M, Russo N, Toscano M, The molecular basis of working mechanism of natural  polyphenolic antioxidants Food Chem 2011, 125:288-306. Zhu H, Yang X, Zhang C, Zhu C, Tao G, Zhao L, Shu, Z, Cai J, Dai, S, Qin, Q, Xu, L, Cheng H,  Tang T, Sun X. Red and processed meat intake is associated with higher gastric cancer risk: a  meta-analysis of epidemiological observational studies Plos one 2013, 8:1-10. ESASTAP (2014). EU Project hunts for natural substitutes for synthetics.  http://www.esastap.org.za/news/20140911.php (accessed 27/09/2014).  Ã‚   Ayodele PO, Okonko IO, Evans E, Okerentugba PO, Nwanze JC, Onoh CC. Effect of  AnthocleistaNobilis Root Extract on the Haematological Indices of Poultry Chicken Challenged  with Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV). Science and Nature.2013, 2(2): 65-73. Irvine, FR. Woody plants of Ghana. Oxford University Press, London, UK.1961. pp.194, 208, 548. Dokosi, OB. Herbs of Ghana. Ghana Universities Press. 1998. pp. 615-623. Trease GE, Evans WC. Pharmacognosy.11th Edn, Balliere and Tindall. Eastbourne, London  1983, pp: 243-551. Rodrigues HG, Diniz YS, Faine LA, Galhardi CM, Burneiko RC, Almeida JA, Ribas BO, Novelli EL,  Antioxidant effect of saponin: potential action of a soybean flavonoid on glucose tolerance and risk  factors for atherosclerosis.Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2005. 56(2):79-85. Chen Y, Miao Y, Huang L, Li J, Sun H, Zhao Y, Yang JY, Zhou W. Antioxidant activities of  saponins extracted from Radix trichosanthis: an in vivo and in vitro evaluation. BMC Complement  Ã‚  Alt Med.2014,14:86-94. Zhang H, Zhou Q, Tyrosinase Inhibitory Effects and Antioxidative Activities of Saponins from  XanthocerasSorbifolia Nutshell, PlosOne 2013, 8:e70090-e70096

The Effects of Divorce on Children Essay -- Divorce and Adolescent Dep

Introduction In America, about one in every two marriages will end in divorce. Around 60% of those divorcing couples have children. (Cherlin, 2012). Half of the marriages in America end in divorce, and more than half of those couples have children, which means that about every other divorce that is filed in America, a child is impacted. Between 850,000 and 950,000 divorces occur each year. (National Center for Health Statistics, CDC., 2014). Given that roughly 60% of those divorcing couples have at least one child, at least 510,000 children are affected a year. Estimates have been done to suggest that in the near future, 70% of divorces could involve children under the age of eighteen. (Block, Block, and Gjerde, 1986). Because of the large number of children in America having broken families, it is important to understand the effects of divorce on children’s' day to day lives so that they may be provided for in a proper and beneficial way. Changes in the Family There are many different outcomes that the effect of a divorce may have on a child. Though divorce isn't always a positive thing, sometimes there are scenarios where a family is better off this way. According to research, the bond maintained between parent and child is the main change that plays a factor on the child's outcome when a divorce happens. The relationships between parents and their children were found to be more influential than the parents’ marital status. Negative effects were null if relationships remained intact after the divorce. However, sometimes the ability to keep these relationships closely knit just isn't as simple as it was before the divorce. Keeping a relationship intact is especially difficult for the non-custodial parent. (He... ...du/wp-content/uploads/sites/28/2012/02/Cherlin_JMFmarriagepaper.pdf Harvey, J. H., & Fine, M. A. (2004). Children of divorce stories of loss and growth. Jeynes, W. (2002). Divorce, family structure, and the academic success of children. New York: Haworth Press. Jost, K., & Robinson, M. Children and divorce. CQ Researcher, 1, 349-368. Stuart, I. R., & Abt, L. E.,. (1972). Children of separation and divorce. New York: Grossman Frank Trovato, (1987). A Longitudinal Analysis of Divorce and Suicide in Canada. Journal of Marriage and Family., Vol. 49., No. 1, pp.193-203. Robert H. Aseltine, Jr. (1996). Pathways Linking Parental Divorce With Adolescent Depression. Journal of Health and Social Behavior., Vol. 37, No.2., pp.133-148. Satoshi Tsujimoto, (2008). The Prefrontal Cortex: Functional Neural Development During Early Childhood, Neuroscientist 14:345.

Green Building And Zero Energy Trends Environmental Sciences Essay

As we move into the twenty-first Century, new and unplanned fortunes are get downing to determine our lives, our architecture and our metropoliss. It is going clear that the impact we ‘re making on our milieus is holding an consequence on the well being of our planet and its ecosystems every bit good as our populations, motivating us to eventually take action towards a better hereafter. Global heating and it ‘s formidable menaces have scared us and given corporations incentive to market its relinquishing, which at times is identical as to whether or non these are honest efforts or merely catchs. Similarly, the statement on whether or non we are in at hand danger is merely as controversial. The follow up to this reaction has been an overpoweringly undisputed motion toward eco-friendly tactics in a figure of professions including concern, medical specialty and architecture, merely to call a few. However, in the terminal all of this predication breeds the coevals of new type s, coercing us to re-think the manner that we live. For architecture, these creative activities come in the signifier of zero-energy and green edifices. Zero-energy edifices ( ZEB ) are edifices that use zero-net-energy ingestion and breathe zero-carbon emanations. They are convenient in that they can be used autonomously from the energy grid supply and energy can be harvested on-site. Although these edifices are province of the art, there is a trade off between pecuniary cost and the benefit that they offer. Green edifices should non be confused with zero-energy edifices, nor are they reciprocally sole from being zero-energy. Green edifices by and large differ from zero energy edifices in that they engage in the pattern of making constructions and utilizing procedures that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a edifice ‘s life-cycle. In theory, it should stay consistent to its purpose throughout the full edifice procedure from design, building, operation, care, redevelopment, and deconstruction. In both instances, the purpose is to spread out and complement the classical edifice design concerns of economic system, public-service corporation, lastingness, and comfort. Green edifices have been in conceptualisation for old ages now, dating back to the motion ‘s head in the 1960 ‘s when Rachel Carson wrote soundless spring and DEET was outlawed. However, the development of modern zero-energy edifices merely became possible more late, non merely through the advancement made in new building engineerings and techniques, but through significantly improved academic research on traditional and experimental edifices that collect precise energy public presentation informations. Such edifices are developed utilizing advanced computing machine theoretical accounts that can demo the efficaciousness of technology design determinations. Subjectively, energy usage can be measured in different ways ( associating to cost, energy, or C emanations ) and, irrespective of the definition used ; different positions are taken on the comparative importance of energy crop and energy preservation to accomplish a net energy balance. Although zero energy edifices re main uncommon in developed states, they are deriving in importance and popularity merely because the zero-energy attack has possible to cut down C emanations, and cut down dependance on fossil fuels. It is besides of import to observe that most ( ZEB ) definitions do non include the emanations generated in the building of the edifice and the corporal energy of the construction. This means that in many instances so much energy is used in the building of a new edifice that this can shadow the operational energy nest eggs over its utile life. A coincident illustration of such architecture is zero energy ( from dodo fuel ) house no.1 by zoka Zola architecture + urban design. This house is built on a dual batch and is situated 3 stat mis west of the Chicago Loop. The designers dedicated themselves to merely utilize energy generated on site and saw their edifice as a accelerator that would hopefully be an inspiration to other householders and developers in urban environments. A batch of the discrepancy and control throughout the house is done through the operation of its operable Windowss. In the summer, the Windowss allow cross airing and in the winter, warm sunshine inundations the shoal suites through big south-facing Windowss. These Windowss besides provide a battalion of positions to the out-of-doorss. The clients of this house had a passion for gardening so in add-on to building an urban single-family place that is ecological, socially regenerative, and self-sustaining the designers besides incorporated multiple gardens including a few roof deck gardens. The accessible green roofs promote bio-diversity and absorb H2O overflow, while insulating the inside and protecting the roof from thermic daze and extremist violet impairment. They divided the house into four zones. Bathrooms are stacked and ventilated as an stray country of higher wet and heat. The kitchen is ventilated as an stray country of higher wet, heat, and olfactory property. The life and dining infinites are located on the west side of the edifice where 1 can bask the last beams of the eventide Sun after work. The degage Multi-Use infinite is employed as portion of the garden and is on occasion heated and cooled. These tendencies are surely non sole to individual edifices. In the development of its popularity, zero-energy edifice has had its influence on the development of territory programs. An illustration of such a edifice site would be Beddington Zero Energy Development ( BedZED ) . BedZED is a lodging development in Hackbridge, London, England designed to back up a more sustainable life style. Because of BedZED ‘s low-energy-emission construct, autos are discouraged and alternatively the undertaking encourages public conveyance, cycling, and walking, and has limited parking infinite. Electric and liquefied-petroleum-gas autos have precedence over autos that burn gasoline and Diesel, and electricity is provided in parking infinites for bear downing electric autos. All of the houses on the site face to the South and come equipped with roof top solar panels, 777 mA? of solar panels entire, to take advantage of the increased solar addition from that way. The energy that is so harvested is either used throughout the abode or fed back into the grid. Most of the rain H2O that falls onto BedZED ‘s site is harvested for a ulterior day of the month and in add-on, contraptions are chosen to be water-efficient and utilize recycled H2O when possible. BedZED besides uses green constructing schemes like utilizing low-impact stuffs ( LIM ) . LIM stuffs on this site were selected from renewable or recycled beginnings within 35 stat mis of the site, to minimise the energy required for transit. Finally, BedZED is host to legion waste recycling installations that are designed to back up recycling. The consequences that BedZED put forth old ages after execution are amazing. The development efficaciously reduced space-heating demands by 88 % , hot-water ingestion by 57 % , The electrical power used was 25 % less than the UK norm, 11 % of which was produced by the roof-top solar panels, Mains-water ingestion has been reduced by 50 % and the occupants ‘ auto milage is 65 % less on norm. These are all startlingly dramatic consequences toward efficiency, but when it comes down to it BedZED was nil more than norm when the sum nursery gasses emitted throughout building were calculated. The consequences showed that the corporal environmental impacts of BedZED ‘s building stuffs were similar to standard UK lodging. The entire corporal CO2 of BedZED is 675kg/m2, while the typical volume house embodies 600-800kg/m2. So, as one can see there are tremendous advantages to the finished merchandise in respects to zero-energy edifice, but it seems as though the existent problem is c aused by the outsourced agencies of edifice. While edifices have been a first measure for green and zero-energy tendencies and territory communities have acted as proving evidences for larger execution, there have n't been any stairss toward developing wholly zero-energy C impersonal green metropoliss until merely late. The name of the undertaking is Masdar metropolis and it ‘s planned to be located in Abu Dhabi, in the United Arab Emirates. Its nucleus is a planned metropolis, which is being built by the Abu Dhabi Future Energy Company, a subordinate of Mubadala Development Company, with the bulk of the capital provided by the authorities of Abu Dhabi. Designed by the British architectural house Foster + Partners, the metropolis is planned rely wholly on solar energy and other renewable energy beginnings, with a sustainable, zero-carbon, zero-waste ecology. The undertaking was initiated in 2006 and was planned to be finished in 2009. The entire production cost will be 22 billion dollars and will cover 2.3 square stat mis will be home to 45,000 to 50,000 people and 1,500 concerns, chiefly commercial and fabricating installations specialising in environmentally-friendly merchandises. Even though the metropolis will be resident to about 50,000 people, it still holds a prohibition on cars within the metropolis. Travel will be accomplished via public mass theodolite and personal rapid theodolite systems, with bing route and railroads linking to other locations outside the metropolis. Masdar is set to utilize a assortment of renewable power resources, among the first being a 40 to 60 megawatt solar power works which will provide power for all other building activity. In this manner, Masdar metropolis is a monolithic betterment from BedZED in that it has thought through a more eco-friendly agencies of building throughout the whole metropolis. Masdar ‘s solar power works will subsequently be followed by a larger installation and like BedZED ; extra photovoltaic faculties will be placed on rooftops to supply auxiliary solar energy to the metropolis. Wind farms will be established all around the outside the metropolis ‘s margin, capable of bring forthing up t o 20 megawatts. The H2O supply has been planned out merely as exhaustively. How it works is the metropolis will house a solar-powered desalinization works which will be used to supply the metropolis ‘s with clean imbibing H2O. Approximately 80A per centum of the H2O used will be recycled and waste H2O will be reused every bit much as is possible with this greywater being used for harvest irrigation and other intents. Similarly to BedZED Masdar metropolis besides has a focal point on waste recycling. The program is to utilize biological waste to make nutrient-rich dirt and fertiliser. Some waste will be utilized through incineration as an extra power beginning and industrial waste will be recycled or re-purposed for other utilizations. If all of this is n't singular plenty, Masdar will be host to several province of the art academic installations focused on the promotion of renewable energy techniques. The first of these establishments to open is the Masdar Institute of Science and Technology. Developed in cooperation with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology ( MIT ) , the Masdar Institute of Science and Technology is a post-graduate university focused on the scientific discipline and technology of advanced renewable energy, environmental engineerings and sustainability. First opened to pupils in September 2009, by 2011 the institute will offer 10 Masters plans and its first PhD plans in renewable energies and sustainable engineerings. These academic inducements are hoped to promote an environment that will further the following coevals of scientific finds. A more recent part to the development of zero-energy metropoliss is Zira Island. Designed by the Danish house of Bjarke Ingels Group ( BIG ) has merely released inside informations of their maestro program for a zero energy resort and amusement metropolis on Zira Island, which is located within the bay of Baku, Azerbaijan. Unlike Masdar metropolis, Zira Island attempts to let the signifier of its man-made landscape to use the aggregation of energy. The program calls for approximately 10.8 million square pess of architectural landscape based on the natural landscape of Azerbaijan.A Zira Island is set to have seven residential developments, each in the form of one of seven extremums of Azerbaijan, and 300 private Villas with positions over the Caspian Sea.A The metropolis is designed to be wholly independent of external resources and to supply, â€Å" high terminal populating with low terminal ingestion of resources. † All of this is expected to be accomplished by using the Casp ian Sea for heating/cooling with heat pumps, puting photovoltaic panels strategically on frontages and rooftops, incorporating solar thermic panels into the architecture, garnering air current power from an offshore air current farm and eventually through waste and storm H2O aggregation, intervention, and reuse in landscaping. The methods are really similar to Masdar metropolis, except the integrating of the systems into the manufactured landscape is much more cohesive in this design. However, one must maintain in head that this metropolis ‘s design is still really conventional at this point.

We Should Not Put Our Families in Nursing Homes

We should not put our families in nursing home Purpose To persuade my audience why they should not put their family members in a nursing home. Introduction Do you have a disable or elderly family member that can not do for themselves? We as people need to think about where we place our family members as far as nursing homes and facilities. Many of you may not have any disable family members, but I know you may have elderly family members, and you do not need to put your family member in a nursing home.I know this because I have been a nursing assistant for four years and I also have a sister who has been a nursing assistant for three years and has done home health care and nursing home services. I had two family members in a nursing home. One passed away and the other one did not start to recover until she came home. Central Idea I am here to convince you to that you should not put your family members in a nursing. Preview You should not put your family member in a nursing home becau se in a nursing home the ratio is 1 caregiver to 10-15 patients, your independence is limited, and the chances of your love ones improving are little to none.Body I. The first reason why you should not put your family member in a nursing home is because in a nursing home the ratio is one caregiver to ten to fifteen patients. A. The biggest problem in a nursing home is that they are short of registered nurses and nurse aides. 1. According to AHCA (American home care association) as of 2007 the vacancy rate for registered nurses at a nursing home was 16. 3% yet some nursing homes have only one registered nurse for 50 to 70 patients notes Charlene Harrington, a professor of sociology and nursing at the University of California. . For nursing assistants, they have the most work. 3. They have the task of feeding, clothing, bathing, hygiene care, transporting, and these are just a few are the task done on a daily basis. 4. A caregiver does these tasks for more then six patients and over n ight may have the minimum of ten. Subpoint: Now that you have learned about this first risk taking at a nursing home, lets move on to my second reason I. The second reason why you should not put your family member in a nursing home is because their independence is limited. . When being in a nursing care facility your time is limited. You have to get up, eat, and go to bed, etc. at a certain time. 2. When in a home care setting, you can get when you want or go wherever you want without having someone telling you. This gives your family member a chance to live a normal life everyone else. 3. According to the book Elder care: Choosing & Financing Long-Term Care by Joseph Matthews, one advantage of homecare is that you and family can better control the care you receive and avoid the care you do not need or would not need. 4.In homecare services you can also avoid the risks of a family being abused, neglected, and thief. Subpoint: Now that you have learned about these two risks of sendin g your family members to a nursing home, lets move on to my third reason. II. The third reason why you should not put your family reason member in a nursing home is because their chances of improving are little to none. 1. If it is not in the care plan the staff will not do it. This statement says that a caregiver will not take care of the family member any further than then what is on a piece of paper. 2.Failure to provide comprehensive care plans was among was among the top most frequently cited deficiencies in nursing homes facilities in 2008, according to a November 2009 report co-authored by Harrington of UC San Francisco. 3. They may also not provide the care for your family member of their particular need, for example, physical therapy. If a patient is paralyzed on one side or waist down, they may be ridding. In a home care setting, you will have your own social worker, a registered nurse that comes to the home to check on you, and can have therapy at your home or sign yourse lf up for therapy services.Being able to get out and move around whether the family member is in a wheelchair or not can help create a less risk of things like depression, cancer, and bedsores. Conclusion In conclusion, you should not put your disable or elderly family members in a nursing home because in a nursing home the ratio is one caregiver to ten to fifteen patients, your family member independence are limited, and the chances of someone improving in a nursing home are little to none.I am here to convince you that you should not put your family members in a nursing home, if you care about the needs for your love ones and want to avoid the risk of thief, neglect, and abuse. I urge you to better options for your loved ones and not a nursing home. Work Cited Page Matthews, Joseph. Beat the nursing home trap: A consumer’s guide to choosing & financing long-term care. Berkeley, CA: Nolo press, 1990. Print. Matthews, Joseph. Elder Care: A consumer’s guide to choosing & financing long-term care.Berkeley, CA: Nolo press, 1990 and 1993. Print. Bornstein, Robert F. and Languirand, Mary A. When someone you love needs nursing home care. New York, NY. NewMarketPress, 2001. Print. Strickland, Britney. Personal Interview. 2 Nov. 2012. Scherzer, Lisa Ph. D. and Stives, David Ph. D. 10 things nursing homes won’t tell you. N. P. 15 April 2010. Web. 29 Oct 2012

Depreciate vs. Deprecate

Depreciate vs. Deprecate Depreciate vs. Deprecate Depreciate vs. Deprecate By Maeve Maddox The words depreciate and deprecate are from different Latin originals, but the difference in meaning between them is being eroded in popular usage. Depreciate is from Latin depretiare, a combination de (from) and pretium (price). â€Å"To depreciate† is to become less in value. Example: â€Å"It’s often said that a car depreciates as it is driven off the dealer’s lot.† Depreciate is used transitively with the meaning, â€Å"to lower the value of.† Example: â€Å"The latest crisis depreciated the currency.† Figuratively, depreciate means, â€Å"to belittle or disparage.† For example, â€Å"No matter what I do, he depreciates my efforts.† Deprecate is from Latin deprecari, a combination of de (from, away) and precari (to pray). â€Å"To deprecate† something was to â€Å"pray it away.† The word entered English in the 17th century with the meaning, â€Å"to pray against evil, to pray for deliverance from.† For example, one might go to church to â€Å"deprecate God’s judgment,† that is, pray that it might be averted. Deprecate has the secular meanings â€Å"to plead earnestly against† and â€Å"to express earnest disapproval of.† For example, â€Å"We deprecate the harsh action taken against the local population.† Speakers do not always see a difference between depreciate (to belittle) and deprecate (to disapprove of). Because the distinction is a fine one, the words have become mixed up. As a plain verb, deprecate is not as common as it was in the 19th century, but its present participle form occurs in the popular adjective self-deprecating. As defined at the online Oxford Dictionaries site, self-deprecating means â€Å"modest about or critical of oneself, especially humorously so.† Here are two recent examples of the usage: The iconic comedian [Joan Rivers]  passed away today at 81, but she leaves behind a legacy of unrestricted humor and self-deprecating wisdom. â€Å"Humor is an amazing quality to have,† Kunis told  Glamour. I like sarcasm, satire, self-deprecating humor.† In researching this post, I found several depreciatory comments directed at speakers who write self-depreciating instead of self-deprecating. The sarcasm that accompanies some of these comments is misplaced. According to the Ngram Viewer, self-depreciating predates self-deprecating by 20 years. For about 100 years, beginning in 1845 and continuing until the 1940s, self-depreciating is the more common term; then, self-deprecating soars to its modern ascendency and self-depreciating plummets. Etymologically speaking, self-depreciating is the better choice, but self-deprecating has triumphed in standard speech; self-deprecating is the version to use if you don’t want to seem ignorant. Merriam-Webster, by the way, defines self-deprecating as â€Å"given to self-depreciation.† Computer science has found a new use for deprecate: deprecated (adjective): Used typically in reference to a computer language to mean a command or statement in the language that is going to be made invalid or obsolete in future versions. Examples of deprecated in the context of computer science: A program element annotated @Deprecated is one that programmers are discouraged from using, typically because it is dangerous, or because a better alternative exists. Compilers warn when a deprecated program element is used or overridden in non-deprecated code. Apple has officially deprecated Java, the cross-platform runtime environment developed by Sun and now owned by Oracle, and the company has decided not to include Adobe Flash technology on its new super-slim MacBook Air notebook computers. Bottom line: to deprecate is â€Å"to disapprove,† but in â€Å"self-deprecating,† it means, â€Å"to belittle.† In the world of computing, deprecated means â€Å"phased out† or â€Å"soon to be phased out.† Depreciate is for talking about loss of monetary value. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:10 Grammar Mistakes You Should Avoid8 Writing Tips for Beginners20 Slang Terms for Law Enforcement Personnel

Edison essays

Edison essays Thomas Alva Edison: The Greatest Industrialist Thomas Alva Edison could be argued as the industrial revolutions greatest innovator. Many of his inventions had a direct impact on the industrial revolution as well as implications on the modern world. Edison began to toil with electronics during his prime and continued to work right up until his death. He was renowned for his focus and determination throughout his career. During his career Edison had patented a total of 1093 inventions, including the electric light, the phonograph, and the motion-picture projector. These three inventions gave rise to new industries: electric utilities, phonograph and record companies, and the film industry. These industries became giants through the 20th century, accounting for an average of 7 percent of the gross national product during the 1920s. The period from 1879 to 1900 is known as the Age of Edison given that it was the period in which Edison had perfected his inventions. In the early 1870's the electric light and power were mere dreams. It was Edison's interest in technological systems that lead him to a general system of incandescent lighting in the fall of 1878. At this time, Edison had the idea for an underground allocation of electric light into private houses, which would replace the gas burner. It was through his imaginative thinking which brought these dreams to life. Thomas Edison used a systematic approach that dealt with every problem that surfaced. He knew that the cost of his new invention had to be economically competitive with gas. This is a key factor that leads him to make calculations on every part and cost during the development of the electric lighting system. When Edison was certain there would be economic gain, he then turned his attention towards the Pearl Street lighting system. In 1882 the Pearl Street lighting system became a success and provided light to the Wall Street district. With the success of the Pear...

Being and Been

Being and Been Being and Been Being and Been By Maeve Maddox Saad Khan asks to know the difference between being and been. Been is the past participle form of the verb to be. It is used with the auxiliary verbs has, have, and had to form perfect tenses: How long has it been since you were in Paris? He had been writing that novel for thirty years when he died. How long have you been living here? Being is the present participle form of the verb to be. It is used with the auxiliaries is, are, was, and were to form continuous tenses: Mary is being difficult. The letter is being written. It is used as a verbal, a word that partakes of both verb and noun: Being polite is more productive than being rude. The word being can also be used a noun meaning â€Å"creature.† No human being should be homeless. I watched a movie about a being from outer space. Being can also mean â€Å"existence.† We are called from nothingness into being. In the expression â€Å"for the time being,† it means â€Å"the present.† We’ll leave him in charge for the time being. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:85 Synonyms for â€Å"Help†Excited ABOUT, not "for" Grammar Review #1: Particles and Phrasal Verbs

Laws in cyberspace (civil law) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Laws in cyberspace (civil law) - Essay Example However, the past 15 years have clearly shown that any activity carried-out on the internet is not only subject to rules, but these rules are stricter and more heavily enforced than those of the physical world. One needs only to look at the process of establishing and maintaining an online presence (website), the mediating efforts deployed by online shopping sites like eBay, the internet censorship imposed by certain countries and the direct transfer and strict application of copyright rules from the physical world to the internet. The mainstay of web presence for individuals and corporations alike has always been the website. John Barlow claimed that â€Å"We are creating a world where anyone, anywhere may express his or her beliefs, no matter how singular, without fear of being coerced into silence or conformity† (Barlow, 1996). It can be said that websites are the real estate of cyberspace, and although accessible to everyone, the process to obtain a website (from the domai n name to server space and bandwidth) is underpinned by a number of legally binding agreements between the user and the service provider. The scope of these agreements is to ensure i) compliance of the user with content and usage rules and ii) consent by the user to the recourses and sole authority of the service provider in case of a breach of content or usage rules. Indeed, because the internet relies on i) a physical infrastructure administered and maintained by service providers and ii) the preservation of goodwill of these service providers, the internet content hosted and transmitted by each individual service provider directly affects their goodwill. Therefore, websites with objectionable content ranging from child pornography to the promotion of hate crimes are routinely and rapidly removed from circulation by service providers in a sustained effort to avoid negative publicity, as was illustrated by Rackspace when they removed the website of Reverend Terry Jones promoting an ti-Islamic views last fall (Shaer, 2010). Therefore, John Barlow’s statement that freedom of expression is absolute on the internet is clearly wrong, as legally-binding agreements endow service providers with the authority to only allow conformal and non-offensive views to persist in cyberspace for any length of time. One of the internet-spawned phenomena which has rapidly evolved into an online shopping mainstay is eBay. John Barlow claimed that â€Å"Your legal concepts of property, (†¦) do not apply to us† (Barlow, 1996). eBay exists only to facilitate the transfer of ownership of material property between individuals, sometimes separated by great distances and located in distinct jurisdiction. Although typical eBay transactions usually take place without incident, there are a number of instances where eBay is asked by either party to mediate the resolution of a conflict regarding the property itself or the payment. The â€Å"Resolution Center† eBay empl oys is a court of sorts where both parties are invited to present their case and acknowledge eBay’s ultimate authority to rule on the transaction (â€Å"Resolving Transaction Problems in the Resolution Center†, n.d.). As our physical world encroaches more and more onto the internet with each passing day, John Barlow’s statements about the inapplicability of the traditional concept of property to

DQ 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

DQ 2 - Essay Example There are three main financial statements that are usually affected when a company makes any transaction. Purchase of an asset does not qualify as an expense, since it is a financing activity, which means that the income statement is not affected or changed. The balance sheet is used to record the final balances in the asset, liability and equity accounts of a firm, which means that this transaction will affect the balance sheet. When the company takes the loan, the cash account (current asset) increases by $150,000, and the loan account (Liability) also increases by $150,000. When the company purchases the asset, the cash account (current asset) reduces by $150,000, and the equipment account (Long-term asset) increases by $150,000. The other financial statement that is affected is the cash flow statement, since the transaction of purchasing the asset is a cash flow for an investing activity. In this case, the cash flow for investing activities will be increased by

The Colorado River Runs Dry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Colorado River Runs Dry - Essay Example The result is devastating. Projection shows that in the next decade, more people will content with a limited access to water and devoid of freshness (Zielinski 1). Currently one billion people face water stresses. The number is bound to increase. Parts in the world now have strict schedules of using water. The continued arid conditions will plunge more into the menace raising the eyebrows of officials in the water divisions of Colorado River. Desperate measures taken by authorities have gone to the extent of using authority money to replace water-gulping equipment and engineers going out of their way to developing plants to clean water (Zielinski 1). It will take more than replacing gulping lawnmowers and engineering plant to tackle the water crisis. Research institution as developed by Colorado River body will aid in the changing of the culture of water misuse. In addition, conservation of natural habitats and catchment areas is imperative in the search for fresh water supply. Culturally, the world needs to change ways of using the entire ecosystem. The world needs more trees than purification

Trichomoniasis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Trichomoniasis - Essay Example This sexually transmitted disease is not reportable, so the epidemiologic data remains very difficult to obtain. However, it has been estimated that there are 5 million new cases in the United States each year, which is more than the sum of all cases of Chlamydia and gonococcal infections. The World Health Organization estimates that there is incidence of 173 million new infections of Trichomoniasis worldwide per year. This is also known as Trichomonas vaginitis. It is caused by the sexually transmitted, flagellated parasite, Trichomonas vaginalis. The transmission rate is high; 70% of men contract the disease after a single exposure to an infected woman, which suggests that the rate of male-to-female transmission is even higher. The parasite, which exists only in trophozoite form, is an anaerobe that has the ability to generate hydrogen to combine with oxygen to create an anaerobic environment. It often accompanies bacterial vaginosis, which can be diagnosed in as many as 60% of pat ients with Trichomonas vaginitis (Cates, Jr., 1999, S2-S7). Risk Factors: There are certain risk factors that are associated with Trichomoniasis. These include all the risk factors for sexually transmitted infection acquisition. ... There is generally a longer duration of infectiousness and a high level of asymptomatic infections, especially in men. Many women with annual Pap smear examination have asymptomatic infections. This is responsible for 25% of all cases of clinically diagnosed vaginitis. More than half of infected women and nearly 90% of infected men are asymptomatic, which increases the reservoir of people spreading the infection. Trichomoniasis increases the risks of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission and HIV acquisition (Horowitz, Mrdh, eds., 1999). Infection: The primary mode of transmission of T. vaginalis is through sexual contact. Transmission by fomites is possible, but is rarely the cause of a symptomatic infection. An inoculums of at least 10,000 organisms is needed to establish a clinically significant infection. Male-to-female transmission rates are higher than female-to-male rates; about 85% of exposed women will contract the infection. Female-to-male transmission rates are more variable, but may be as high as 70% within 48 hours of exposure. Incubation period varied between 4 to 28 days. T. vaginalis resembles anaerobic bacteria more than eukaryotic behavior in that it ferments large amounts of carbohydrates into carbon dioxide and hydrogen gases, causing bubbles. Its presence in the vaginal vault changes the vaginal microbiology-the lactobacilli disappear and anaerobic bacteria predominant. T. vaginalis swims freely in the vaginal discharge but can also attach to the vaginal wall. The cell membranes of the parasite a nd those of the host interdigitate. Trichomonas adhere to vaginal and cervical epithelial cells. T. vaginalis also infects the urethra, Skene's glands, and Bartholin glands. The

World Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

World Literature - Essay Example The Kite Runner begins with the protagonist, Amir, telling us that the past cannot be forgotten. An instance has been haunting him for the past twenty-six years. As a twelve year old he witnesses Assef, a local bully and his friends, attack and rape Hassan at the annual kite fighting tournament. He stands watching helplessly, unable to rescue of his friend. He commits the ultimate sin of running away leaving Hassan at the mercy of the bullies. After this incident he is unable to face Hassan. Hassan’s presence in the house becomes a constant reminder of his guilt. He feels one of them has to leave the house if he has to forget the incident. Amir frames Hassan for theft and Hassan goes away. With the war striking Afghanistan, Amir and his father are forced to flee. They begin a new life in America. Amir chooses to settle in America as it "had no ghosts, no memories, and no sins" (Hosseini (2003), Kite Runner). Amir becomes an author and marries Soraya. However, his peaceful life is shattered when an old friend, Rahim Khan calls him. Rahim tells him that Hassans son, Sohrab is in Kabul living a life of poverty in an orphanage. He must go to Kabul to save him. This is when his past sins come back to haunt him. He is once again reminded of Hassan and "Those thorny old barbs of guilt bore into me once more, as if speaking his name had broken a spell, set them free to torment me anew" (The Kite Runner). As David Kipen (2003) says â€Å"he sees a chance to redeem himself from the secrets that have left him psychically stranded between Afghanistan and the United States. â€Å" This and Rahims words "There is a way to be good again" (The Kite Runner) become focal points for the rest of the book. According to Damini Raleigh (2007) â€Å"Sometimes we can just catch the ghosts of our past, capture them and undo our future of guilt. Sometimes redemption is just a step away. Sometimes it’s never too late to come back and sometimes there is a

History vs. Hollywood Cleopatra VII Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

History vs. Hollywood Cleopatra VII - Term Paper Example Hence, Hollywood’s version of history is a combination of both fact and fiction. The substance of this prose will focus on Cleopatra, one of the most celebrated personalities both in the ‘real world’ and the silver screen. The latter was portrayed by Elizabeth Taylor in the 1963 adaptation titled â€Å"Cleopatra†. The movie closely follows the actual events but as is expected, there are some aspects that are spiced up, exaggerated or simply omitted due to the lack of appeal. Contrary to eminent historians, Cleopatra’s flawless beauty is the prime theme of the movie that is actually why men were drawn towards her. However, in reality Cleopatra’s beauty was neither jaw-dropping nor capable of driving men insane. In truth, Cleopatra wasn’t the beautiful lass that Elizabeth Taylor depicted her to be; in fact, she was a physically unattractive woman, who used her wit and wisdom as her primary tools of seduction (Grout 2012). The characterization of Caesar was also erroneous as he had never wished to be made emperor or dictator; it had been one of the fears held by the senate that eventually lead to his assassination. Furthermore, the movie also depicted how Caesar and Cleopatra’s affair had become increasingly public and the fact that Cleopatra bore him a son named Caes arion. In the movie, it is shown that Caesar publicly accepts his illegitimate son, Caesarion. Whereas in reality, Caesarion was never acknowledged by Caesar and much to Cleopatra’s ire, Octavian; Caesar’s nephew was proclaimed his heir. Caesar and Cleopatra had never married each other unlike the movie depiction. Historians have stated that Cleopatra’s and Caesar’s relationship was more of a political alliance than a romantic one that suited both individuals; their relationship is greatly dramatized in the movie. Nevertheless, the movie plot still followed the actual events closely and it did incorporate some very interesting details of history. The method through

World Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

World Literature - Essay Example The Kite Runner begins with the protagonist, Amir, telling us that the past cannot be forgotten. An instance has been haunting him for the past twenty-six years. As a twelve year old he witnesses Assef, a local bully and his friends, attack and rape Hassan at the annual kite fighting tournament. He stands watching helplessly, unable to rescue of his friend. He commits the ultimate sin of running away leaving Hassan at the mercy of the bullies. After this incident he is unable to face Hassan. Hassan’s presence in the house becomes a constant reminder of his guilt. He feels one of them has to leave the house if he has to forget the incident. Amir frames Hassan for theft and Hassan goes away. With the war striking Afghanistan, Amir and his father are forced to flee. They begin a new life in America. Amir chooses to settle in America as it "had no ghosts, no memories, and no sins" (Hosseini (2003), Kite Runner). Amir becomes an author and marries Soraya. However, his peaceful life is shattered when an old friend, Rahim Khan calls him. Rahim tells him that Hassans son, Sohrab is in Kabul living a life of poverty in an orphanage. He must go to Kabul to save him. This is when his past sins come back to haunt him. He is once again reminded of Hassan and "Those thorny old barbs of guilt bore into me once more, as if speaking his name had broken a spell, set them free to torment me anew" (The Kite Runner). As David Kipen (2003) says â€Å"he sees a chance to redeem himself from the secrets that have left him psychically stranded between Afghanistan and the United States. â€Å" This and Rahims words "There is a way to be good again" (The Kite Runner) become focal points for the rest of the book. According to Damini Raleigh (2007) â€Å"Sometimes we can just catch the ghosts of our past, capture them and undo our future of guilt. Sometimes redemption is just a step away. Sometimes it’s never too late to come back and sometimes there is a

Consumer Behavior In The Fashion Industry Essay Example for Free

Consumer Behavior In The Fashion Industry Essay Introduction This study is aimed at analyzing the consumer behavior towards the fashion industry especially in consideration young and mature women in London. Fashions are concerned with the production of fashion clothing. Most consumers in the world today are concerned with the features of the product as they form most important factor in determining the consumer behaviors. Take for example of products of fashion show for young and mature women. The industry is involved in the manufacture clothing. Due to increase and growth of consumerism, the clothing should come up with clothes that make women move with times thus increasing consumption and production. Consumer behavior in the automotive industry especially in consideration to general motors is influenced by culture factors, social factors, Personal factors and Psychological factors. Look more:  the consumer buying process begins when essay RESEARCH OBJECTIVES   The answers to this question will enhance my professional knowledge and competence in many ways.   As a professional I will understand factors influencing consumption in the industry and will enable me make recommendations on improving the fashions market share.The answers to this question also will assist me as a professional by motivating me to ensure that that I work improves their products. 1)To review literature on fashion behaviour and the factors influencing 2)To compare and contrast the buying behaviour of mature and young woman in London regarding buying of fashion clothing 3)To identified the key factors influencing the buying process of fashion clothing in young and mature woman in London 4)To provide recommendation to manufacture of fashion clothing and fashion retailer. Scope of the study The scoop of the study follows literature review of factors influencing. The researcher manages the entire gamut of processes from initial stage of identifying the problem to final stage of report writing. The capabilities required by the researcher in this research in managing the entire project and providing real time for information sharing, decision synchronization and research optimization to all stake holders. What are necessary attribute required by a researcher to manage the dynamics of marketing based on the requirements by industry. However, this study assumes that other factors like family background financial, stability of the family place of birth, race, have no impact on the consumer behaviors. The proposed study will be used as a supplementary framework to focus entirely on the competence of the research. The objects of the study will include; Experimental Correlation Survey Grounded theory Ethnography Narrative Mixed method Action research. This study will be based on a process based on experiment using practical’s as a platform to develop method which will be used as evaluation criteria for the research and researcher in this research question and future researchers The critical review Literature review Consumer behavior in the consumption of any product any where in the world is influenced by culture factors, social factors, Personal factors and Psychological factors. Culture factors In world today culture is one of the most fundamental determinants for one when deciding the product to consume. This is because of a wide range of products and services.   Most of the people due to their cultural influence have started preferring certain products.   Children growing up will learn the culture of parents or peers thus preferring specific values that are crucial to a determining consumption. One of the values they like most is comfort.   These values common in children remain in them even if they grow up. From the culture, somebody may develop certain spending patterns is not something strange.   A child growing up in specific culture is exposed to achievement, success, beliefs and other cultural factors that influence behavior towards consumption. Cultural factors real influence a consumer behavior. Where people believe in values like efficiency and practicality it will influence their consumption is such a situation products that are known to be very efficient in their operations will be preferred. Each culture consists of smaller subcultures that provide more specific identifications.   To its some people consist of racial groups such as the Africans, Americans, Europeans and Asian each have good distinct cultural styles.   They are known to prefer products for example consumption of pork may be rare in middle east because culture and religion. Social factor   Another factors consumer behavior is greatly influenced by social factors like statuses, family and reference groups.   When once goes to the market to purchase a product he will take consideration to his membership groups, social class and family.   These are groups having direct influence to once buying decisions.   These are the groups one associates with most of his time. We have some groups like the upper class prefer buying some products which are not preferred by lower class.   Since companies produces many types of products that fulfill needs this groups and attracts many people.   The influence of a family is very great.   These families using specifics brands greatly encourage their family members to also consume similar products. Co-worker also influence one’s buying decision.   If a boss buys a given commodity the juniors will also try to buy the same. People are also influenced by reference groups in three ways.   Reference groups usually expose a person to a new behavior and lifestyle.   One can belong to a group whose lifestyle believes at consuming a certain product.   If a company produces high quality brands it stands at a better chance of making more sales to such reference group. Reference groups also influence one’s attitudes because their desires fit in these groups. People may prefer some products from a certain company, hence once could like to join his friend or family member towards belonging to the same social class by buying a that product. Also reference groups influence similarity and conformity that may make a person to alive at a specific decision.   So doing one will eventually buy a product similar to that of his friend. People who are in the same social class share similar values, interests, and behavior.   For example there is upper class people who are social elite with a good family background. Personal factors Age and life cycle stage greatly influence consumer buying behavior of almost all products from all industries. Most Bachelors tend to prefer specific brands associated by most youths. But those who are newly married, young and better of financially prefer buying consume different products. In making the final decision of buying a product one’s personal characteristics like his age and life-cycle stage, lifestyle, occupation, economic circumstances and personality will influence his choice. Companies take much consideration to personal characteristics of various groups of people before coming up with a product in order to meet the needs and demand of its people. A child growing up and exposed to some values like material comfort, external comfort and achievement and success will be influenced by those characteristics to consume. For example in America people like buying products that gives them external comfort. People in various professions like occupation managers, school heads, senior government officers, mayors, engineers, lawyers and physicians usually buy some products with the most recent technology. Economic circumstances also influence once buying pattern.   Most people especially those who are highly paid with good saving and with good personnel incomes buy expensive products. The lifestyle of a person influences his or her buying pattern.   People may belong to the same occupation, social class and subculture but leading different lifestyles usually prefer products that feed that group. Personality and self-concept: Personality and self confidence also influence consumers buying behavior products and services. For example expensive car, which are electronically controlled and having four wheel drive systems are associated with people who have high Self-confidence Psychological factors Motivation: some people get satisfied when they buy specific products.   people feel that they have satisfied specific needs by buying certain goods and services. Perception: once a person has been motivated he is willing and ready to act.   Most people to be motivated in order to act will depend mostly on their perceptions of the situation. Two people in the same motivated state may act differently depending on how they perceive the situation. A product may appeal to the perception of a specific customer.   For example various colors that cars are attractive giving customers a good picture of the real quality of this car. Beliefs and attitudes: most people follow some set of belief when making a decision on the type of product to consumer. A belief about a certain product will also influence consumption.   These beliefs make up brand images and most people have been proved to act on these images. People always have good attitude towards specific products and if this product meets the performance according to the needs, desire and attitudes consumption will be influenced. METHODOLOGY: The purpose of the study is to find out factors that influence fashion consumption in UK. The phenomenological research design that will be used will involve a study of the consumer behaviors and consumption in fashion industry. This particular study will be done in two phases where the first phase will involve completion of a questionnaire which is commonly known as a questionnaire survey by individuals. This questionnaire survey will be done on a sample of twenty fashion show owners within London . And the second phase will involve the use of some interview which will be in some way semi structured. Each given phase in this design will address the different research questions and their concerns. At some point within the first phase, there will be cases of the first qualitative phase relying on the some quantitative phases that might have been in use in the design. The interviews that will be used in the design will be carried out in a sample of twenty fashion show owners. The interviews will serve to give out information concerning buying behaviors’ among women. These surveys will therefore give some contextual information about the consumption of a specific fashion. Some studies will be conducted using single stage designs and others like this one will be conducted using the two-stage design. When using the two stage design, the contextualization that will be given in the first stage will be very much helpful (Jasper, 1994). The survey will provide a specific frame for which sampling will be done from for the semi structured interviews that will be done on the fashion operators and buyers. And gaining access to the twenty fashion owners will be very essential to getting the right information concerning the consumption of fashion among young and mature women from the sampled group of a given part of city which will be a representation of the whole population of the young and mature. The given questionnaires will have the contacts so that the used sample can be contacted incase more information will be needed. The quantitative data that will be gotten from the phase of questionnaire survey will now be used to get through to the qualitative sample. The questionnaire surveys have always been made with the above additional purpose in mind. In the cases where one researcher will have to make attachments of qualitative sub samples to samples that will be statistically derived will lead to another mixed method of designs in qualitative research methods (George, 2000). Such mixed methods of designs will most of the time benefit the qualitative researchers in that they give them the chance to have a selection of the specific cases from which they will be able to draw upon information that will be contextual that will also enable them to put their hypothesis under test on a large samples that will be statistically be represented. Therefore in most cases, the researcher will have to be decided on which research design he will use in his project. Some researchers do use multiple designs while others will use single designs. This purely depends on the project that one is doing and which research design the researcher will be most comfortable with. There are three major components in a research design model and they are; determination of the limits of the people to be investigated and also what will be investigated, the collection of data and the last component is the analysis of the collected data in a phenomenological manner. In the first component, the researcher will have to know to what limits the participants in the survey will get in trying to give him the required information. Here the researcher will have to put in mind the limits of the twenty fashion owners in trying to give him information as far as matters of fashion consumption. In addition, the researcher will have to have specific issues which he would want to research on (Joan, 2004). At this point in time, the researcher will have to carry out his project purely on the safety of the crane operators. In trying to get information, the phenomenologist will have to engage himself in an in-depth probing so that quality information may be found. After identifying the sample group that will help in giving the required information, the following step will now involve identifying the most efficient data collection methods. The following methods will be the most preferred methods for this particular survey; the in-depth semi structured interviews that will have to be tape recorded and later on be transcribed. The second data collection method will be the use of a documentary study from which the writings of the subject matter will have to be reviewed so that their meanings can be properly derived from them. This second method will be used hand in hand with the first method (Johnson, 2000). The third and the last data collection method will be the technique of the participant observation. This particular technique will lead to a generation of some kind of an interview. It will be worth noting that in phenomenological research tape recording is important because the tapes will later be transcribed. Sampling designs strategies in qualitative research. There are many different qualitative sampling designs that will be used at the different stages of the research or still they will be used for the different purposes of the research. There are those questions that the researchers should constantly be asking themselves which will serve to give relevant information on the sampling strategy design that the researcher would have chosen to use. It will be very crucial for the researcher to give a clear definition of the objectives of the research. The time that will be spent making clarification with the client will be a time that will be well spent (Kendy, 19976). Most of the times, in qualitative research, the objectives of the project might be refined as the research will keep on progressing. Sometimes the available resources will try to undermine the progress of a researcher’s project. This should be prevented to happen by considering the available human resources to the project at hand and also the nature of the method of data collection. The length of interview that is the qualitative interview will have a great impact on the qualitative sampling design strategy and the final decision of the given sample size. For instance longer interviews will provide detailed data than shorter interviews. With this in mind a decision may be taken on whether to carry out longer or shorter interviews.The sampling size should also be put in mind. This will basically depend on the homogeneous or the heterogeneous nature of the population to be sampled and the requirements of the methods of the data collection that will be employed in this research. Data analysis After the researcher will collect the data, she/he will tabulate the data into tables and analyze it using frequencies descriptive and percentages. The processing of the survey results. The processing of the survey results need not to wait until has been completed, but can begin as soon as the first questionnaires are received. The main steps are; Coding. Nowadays the computer is used widely to process information. For that reason it is often advisable to code the information or even use a preceded questionnaire to facilitate the necessary processing and calculations. Punching. Subsequently the information can be punched for computer purposes. Data tabulation. With the aid of a computer, raw tables may be compiled. These tales are often only preliminary and may serve as guidelines for further analyses and condensed into possibly more meaningful tables. Statistical processing. With the previous step as a basis the information can be processed further until it yields objectives and clear answers to the problem or opportunity which is being investigated. REFERENCES Aaker, D.A., Keller, K.L. 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Comparison Between Sap And Oracle Information Technology Essay

Comparison Between Sap And Oracle Information Technology Essay In this report we have to discuss about the two ERP packages named SAP and Oracle. We are making this report as we have to purchase and implement an ERP system into our organization. As we have to choose and use any one of these two in our organization. So first we will discuss about what an ERP system is, what its components are and why it is so much of importance now days. Then we will discuss about the two most dominant ERP vendors SAP and Oracle and differentiate between them on the basis of some points like cost, which one is better to use, functions, applications, technology platforms etc and finally we will give conclusion about the comparison done and evaluate that which one is better and which one is to be implemented in the organization. Introduction Of The Report- Enterprise resource planning (ERP) what does this mean, in a short and simple way and by the name we can define it as planning done in an enterprise to manage the resources. ERP is a part of Enterprise management system (EMS). EMS is defined as a system which manages an enterprise by the use of various resources available to run a business. It has various components and ERP is one of the components. In EMS, ERP system plays an important role as the major decisions are taken through it. ERP system deals with the planning and use of resources in the business. The resources are finance, material, manufacturing, capacity and human resources. The ERP provides, the methodology of accessing the resources need for a given business plan to achieve certain business objectives. It also helps to execute the plans, decisions and actions in the time bound manner. The ERP provides a support system in transaction process, updating and reporting various functions. The ERP is the main interface of the organization. The implementation of most of the ERP packages begins with the definition of enterprise structure, authorities, functions, business process and business plans. The ERP solutions are available in unique platform and also in windows NT. The typical ERP package consists of the following modules- (Wailgum, 2011) Sales, marketing and distribution. Manufacturing. Inventory management. Personnel management. Finance management. Purchase. Planning. Control. There are six system which together act as the support systems to the ERP, they are- Communication management system (CMS). Security management system (SMS). Electronic data interchange (EDI). CAD, CAM, CAE. Attendance management system (AMS). Document management system (DMS). Comparison Between SAP and Oracle As already discussed above that currently SAP and Oracle are the two most dominant ERP vendors in the market, so to select any one of them we have to do a detailed study about each of them and compare the two on the basis of some characteristics and finally evaluate that which one is best suited for our organization and implemented in it. We will analyze each of the products on the basis of business functions, technology platforms, cost, and ease of use. General functions and applicability- SAP is doing its business longer than oracle as SAP was started long before and oracle is new in the market in comparison to SAP. In my view, erect industry-specific functionality is where the rubber hits the path as the hope of enterprise applications unfolds. The ability of an ERP package is to know and take the services of the individuals and to build them according to their requirement into an application which is essentially customized according to the customer, for the individual business in the organization of that individual. This states that although a strong service infrastructure is needed, the vendors also need a large range of services with them to accumulate the further the merrier. SAP takes advantage here as it has skill in 28 verticals and has the software functionality to prove. To make available all the functions as usable for future is one of the task of SAP and if it is done than it will built more customers and can have a bright future. On the other side oracle provides functions that are deep vertical and have a partnering strategy, but this functionality is far behind the SAP functionality. So now oracle is trying to fill the blanks by having more partner products but still it is known that what the products will do and what are their applications we can say that SAP is at the advantage of the two. (SAP vs Oracle) Technology- Oracles applications are flexible and also configuration is possible, therefore its technology mound for its applications. Although the best of the solutions were there in the market but still oracle was able to embrace in the middleware market early on as company had strong middleware products. Also the oracle organization was working to simplify and to open its application architecture. Oracle provided a product which was easy to install and maintain for the customer which was its benefit. Also oracle is creating a unified data model. On the other hand SAP has five different data models for the customers to work on. If any organization wants a single source with SAP then it has to build a data ware house. But oracle makes data warehouse optional for its customers which result in faster access to information. Cost- Total cost of ownership (TCO) comprises of technology, extensibility and implementation and ROI. Now the question is which is better, SAP or Oracle? As Oracles applications are extensible and flexible it lightens the want for customization. Due to customization deployments which are coming faster, and also due to lower consulting costs of the internal resources the business operations are becoming quicker. The effect of all these attributes results in a lower cost of ownership which everyone wants. As all these attributes are present in the Oracle technology so its cost is lower than SAP and not only the cost is lower but the average three year total cost of ownership of Oracle is 48% less than SAPs, which is a huge difference in the cost of the two. Ease of use- As we know that the ERP system cant satisfy all the customers, but due to flexibility of the applications of oracle it has attracted many customers and organizations towards it. Oracle also rises and has benefit in several areas like extensibility- web applications, workflow and reporting. The web applications of Oracle are so flexible that the companys IT department can personalize the web application. For an example a web application named iProcurement can be used in such a way that someone logging from any part may get the proper information which is suitable for them. One more example of Oracles web application is iExpense. With the help of this application many organization used it to modernize their business processes related to employee expenditure and reimbursements. Also iExpense is an application which is simpler and easier to work than any SAP application. Evaluation and Conclusion- Here we will discuss that which is the better product of the two, some thinks that SAP is better but on the other hand many support Oracle. Both SAP and Oracle have some positive as well as negative points, so by evaluating the two we will finally conclude our report on the basis of some points- Which vendor to select- According to me Oracle is better than SAP, so one should select Oracle for the organization, as by studying the comparison above we can easily evaluate that oracle out beats SAP in all most all the fields. We discussed many characteristic of the two and finally we can say that Oracle is the better of the two and we should select Oracle to implement in our organization. Why to select Oracle, on what basis- Now as we have concluded that Oracle is better than SAP, so how we reached to this conclusion, what were the reasons. Some of the reasons are that Oracle applications are easy to use and can be deployed successfully in short time frame. As discussed many times its application are highly flexible and configurable. SAP basically is an closed circuit and it is too massive to handle, on the other hand Oracle solution are user friendly and also programmer friendly and also it is open and offers all the interfaces to many application, so it is at benefit in comparison with SAP. Also one of the main reasons is that the total cost of ownership (TCO) of Oracle is less than SAP and also working on Oracle applications is easier than working on SAP applications. The positive point for Oracle is that its implementation has taken less time and also at a lower cost. Oracle was established in 2004 and since 2004 it has occupied over 30 other companies as a part of its strategy. Also when customer re view was taken then also the result was positive for Oracle and customer were satisfied with Oracle then SAP. Also the profit during the past year has increased 33% for SAP which is far less than Oracle which is 47%. So we have seen both and finally we can say that Oracle have a better offering for its customer. (SAP vs. Oracle applications, 2011) Does size or domain influence the decision- No, according to me these factors are not of much importance that they will influence the decision to select the ERP package. Whether it is a small or large organization or it may be manufacturing industry or a service industry their working and aim is almost same. Everyone wants to have more profit, attract more customers, reduce its cost, want to satisfy the customer, and want to have easier work. These are the basic objectives of any firm or organization only they may differ in some extent but not much difference exists between them. SAP and Oracle applications are made in such a way that they are suitable for almost all the industries so size and domain doesnt matter in selecting the ERP package only the concern is taken on quality, cost, ease of use etc. We should choose a full ERP installation or we should pursue customizations from the vendor- According to it, if one has to select an ERP package one should opt for customization from the vendors rather than installation of the full ERP package. The reason for this is that if we go for a full ERP installation then we have to accept what that ERP package gives and offers us. It may have many things which we dont want or it might miss something which is required by us. Also we have to use it according to its manufacturer as he has designed it according to him and keeping the entire set of customers in mind. As the package is not made for an individual but for all the customers who can buy it so it will have the features and applications according to the common use of people and not according to the specific use. But if we opt for customization from the vendors, than we have lots of benefit. As it is made according to the individuals choice, so one can make changes in it. He can add and delete application according to his use. It is made according to his specification and accor ding to the need of the organization. Also its working is set according to what an organization want. So we can easily analyze hare that which one is better and we can say that customization from vendors is better than full ERP installation and the reasons for this we have already given above.